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Hip Replacement Surgery
Diagnosis, Surgery, and Recovery of Hip Replacement
A person with chronic hip pain, hip arthritis, limping, or weakness in the lower extremities may need hip replacement surgery. Hip replacement surgery is typically recommended when a person's hip joint is damaged from trauma or degenerative disease.
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Hip Replacement Surgery
Orthopedics
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Types of Hip Replacement Surgery
Hip Surfacing
It involves covering the original joint with a thin metal sheet, so that the original joint remains in place. Since much of the original bone is preserved, this procedure has a lower risk of dislocation. Only a few centimeters of bone are removed to ensure a tight fit with the metal. Once the patient is healed, he or she may be able to resume normal physical activity.
Total Hip Replacement
Total hip replacement surgery involves removing both the ball and socket from the damaged joint and replacing them with prosthetics made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. There are two ways to perform the procedure: traditionally (called the anterior approach) through the front of the leg and minimally invasively (called the posterior approach).
Partial Hip Replacement
It is also known as hemiarthroplasty, since only the ball of the hip joint is replaced during a partial hip replacement, leaving the socket intact. In most cases, this surgery is used to treat fractures and other traumatic hip injuries in which the ball cannot be pinched. However, it is rarely used to treat degenerative conditions that damage both parts of the joint.
Diagnosis
Medical history: In addition to gathering information about your general health, an orthopaedic surgeon will ask you about the extent of your hip pain and how it impacts your everyday activities.
X-rays: During an imaging test, images are taken to determine the extent of hip damage or deformity.
Physical examination: The purpose of this test is to assess hip mobility, strength, and alignment.
Other tests: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan may be necessary to determine the condition of your hip's bone and soft tissues in some cases.
Procedure of Surgery
In total hip replacement surgery, the damaged portion of the joint is replaced with prosthetic components. This involves removing the head of the thigh bone and inserting a metal stem into the center of the femur. The stem may be anchored with either bone cement or a press fit technique. Next, a prosthetic ball made of metal or ceramic is placed on top of the stem to serve as a replacement for the removed femoral head. The damaged acetabulum is also replaced with a metal socket, which can be secured using screws or cement by the surgeon.
Minimally invasive hip replacements and traditional hip replacements are the two basic types of hip replacements.
Minimally invasive hip replacement surgery
During this procedure, the surgeon minimises tissue disruption around the hip. The same artificial implants used in traditional replacement are utilised, but specialized surgical tools are required for socket and femur preparation and precise implant placement. The process can be completed with one or two small incisions, reducing tissue disturbance even further. Typically, a single incision of 3 to 6 inches is made on the side or back of the hip. Although the muscles and tendons are still detached from the hip, it is done to a lesser extent than in traditional surgery. These tissues are routinely repaired after implant placement, promoting healing and reducing the risk of hip dislocation.
A surgeon performing a multiple incision hip replacement approaches the pelvis (cup) through one incision and the femur (thighbone) through another incision. The underlying tissues may be less disrupted by this method than by using one incision.
Traditional Hip Replacement Surgery
In this surgical procedure, a surgeon makes a 10- to 12-inch incision on the side of the hip, then splits or detaches the muscles from the hip, allowing the hip to be dislocated and fully viewed. A surgeon then removes the damaged femoral head and inserts a metal stem into the hollow center of the femur. In order to replace the damaged femoral head, the surgeon places a ball on the upper part of the stem made of metal or ceramic.
The damaged cartilage surface of the socket (acetabulum) is removed by a surgeon and replaced with a metal socket, which may be held in place with screws or cement. In order to create a smooth, gliding surface, a surgeon inserts a plastic, ceramic, or metal spacer between the new ball and the socket.
Preparation of surgery & Components
Preparation for Surgery
To prepare for hip replacement surgery, follow these tips:
1. Before surgery, ask your healthcare provider about exercises that can strengthen your core, upper body, and leg muscles.
2. Drinking alcohol and smoking can increase the risk of complications during surgery.
3. Obesity can increase the risk of complications during or after surgery. Lose weight if you are overweight.
Components
These are the parts of a new hip that replaces an old one:
1.Metal Stem: In order to anchor the joint, a metal stem is attached to the thigh bone.
2. Metal or ceramic ball: Basically, it replaces the round head (top) of the thigh bone.
3. Socket: Metal is usually used to make it.
4. Liner: In order to fit inside the socket, a liner is used.
Advantages of Surgery
The following are some of the significant advantages of hip replacement surgery:
Improved mobility and hip function
Getting back to walking without restraint is possible with a hip replacement, which reduces pain and increases mobility. The improved hip function also helps significantly with other typical hip arthritis problems, including getting up from a chair, putting on socks, and so on.
Long-lasting effect
In 80-85% of cases, hip replacements continue to work even 20 years after they are implanted, thereby treating severe hip arthritis.
High success rate
In general, hip replacement surgery is relatively safe and has a good success rate. It is one of the safest, most durable, and most effective ways to treat arthritis-related problems.
Relieving your pain
A hip replacement surgery can significantly help in reducing pain and provide complete relief from arthritic hip pain.
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